Nowadays, clean rooms have been widely used in various industries such as electronics, biopharmaceuticals, and precision instrument manufacturing. Due to the huge advantages of clean rooms in terms of temperature, relative humidity and cleanliness, its importance has been increasingly recognized by people. Recognize and accept. How to prevent the occurrence of fire accidents in the clean room, let's talk about how to do a good job in the fire protection design of the clean room. One, the basic characteristics of the clean room The clean room refers to the workshop that has special purification requirements for the building in the production process. Its basic characteristics are: 1. Mostly it is reinforced concrete structure, and the factory building is divided into several small rooms; 2. It is often in a closed state with few windows and doors; 3. The equipment in the factory is expensive, afraid of high temperature and avoiding water; 4. Inside the factory The staff is small, which is not conducive to the detection of the fire and the treatment of the initial fire; 5. The internal structure is complicated and the passage is tortuous. Second, the fire characteristics of the clean room 1. The flue gas heat accumulates and spreads in many ways. The clean room is generally airtight, with few airtight clean room doors and windows. When a fire occurs, the heat of the flue gas is not easy to escape, resulting in the retention of flue gas and a sharp increase in heat. In addition, the ventilation pipes, electrical wiring bushings, and technical interlayers in the factory are in collusion with each other. It is easy to cause the smoke and hot air flow to spread quickly to other rooms. 2. It is difficult for personnel to escape. Due to technological requirements, the clean room has complicated internal partitions, narrow passageways, few safety exits, and long depth distances. It is easy to lose direction after a fire occurs. In addition to the small number of staff, the initial fire disaster is discovered in time, and it is difficult to get out of the fire when it strikes. . 3. The smoke is very toxic. Some high-molecular synthetic materials are used in interior decoration. These materials will generate a lot of dense smoke and toxic gas when they burn, which poses a great threat to personnel escape and firefighting. 4. The loss is large. There are often a lot of extremely sophisticated and expensive equipment in the clean room, and the construction investment is large. Once a fire occurs, the economic loss will be huge. Third, the basic principles to be grasped in the fire protection design of clean room buildings According to the characteristics of the clean room and its fire characteristics, in order to ensure the safety of people's lives and property, minimize the loss of fire, and facilitate the evacuation and rescue of personnel, we should follow the following principles in the fire protection design of buildings. 1. Fire resistance rating and fi...
Many factories now use dust-free workshops. There are many problems that need attention in the design and implementation of dust-free workshops. If you are not careful, it will cause adverse effects and cause irreversible consequences. Then, some precautions about the clean room are as follows: 1. Pay attention to energy-saving work in air-conditioning purification. The air conditioner itself consumes a lot of energy and consumes a lot of energy. During the installation and implementation process, attention should be paid to the division of the system area, the calculation of the air supply, the determination of the temperature and the relative temperature, the determination of the cleanliness level and the number of air changes, and the fresh air ratio. Air duct insulation, the influence of the biting form in the duct production on the air leakage rate, the influence of the connection angle of the main pipe and branch pipe on the airflow resistance, whether the flange connection is leaking, and the selection of equipment such as air-conditioning box, fan, chiller, etc. Regarding energy consumption, these related factors must be taken into consideration, repeated trials and testing, and accurate records. 2. The air duct requires economy and efficiency. In centralized or purified air-conditioning systems, the requirements for air ducts are economical and effective air delivery. The former requirements are embodied in cheap prices, convenient construction of dust-free workshops, operating costs, and low resistance to smooth inner surfaces. The latter is Refers to good tightness, no air leakage, no dust generation, no dust accumulation, no pollution, fire resistance, corrosion resistance, moisture resistance, etc. During operation, sometimes the local resistance of the pipe fittings is much higher than the resistance along the air duct. This situation needs to be improved. The pipe fittings mainly include elbows, reducer tees and cross pipes. The central curvature radius of the elbow should be The side length of the rectangular duct is larger than that of the rectangular duct. The diameter of the circular duct is 1.25 times. For large section ducts, a deflector should be added to the duct to reduce resistance. In actual installation and construction, this treatment is rarely done. If the diameter is changed suddenly, it is advisable to make a gradual expansion (contraction) pipe. The expansion angle of each side of the expansion pipe should be greater than 15 degrees, and the contraction angle of each side of the reducer pipe should not be greater than 30 degrees. The three-way of the rectangular duct should be bent along the airflow. For diversion, the branch pipe should also have a certain radius of curvature. For diversion at a 90-degree angle, a deflector should be added to the elbow. 3. The air-conditioning box should be selected according to the local climatic conditions. Regarding the selection of the air-conditioning box, the climatic enviro...
The air filter is the key to purifying the air in a clean room. Its function is to purify the pollutants in the air and send the filtered, dust-free, sterile, and pollution-free air into the room. Filters are divided into high-efficiency filters, sub-high-efficiency filters, medium-efficiency filters, and primary-efficiency filters. Filters with different efficiencies are selected for layout according to the cleanliness of the clean room. Description of the selection and layout requirements of air filters of various cleanliness. 1. The air purification treatment with air cleanliness of 100, 10,000 and 100,000 should adopt three-stage filtration of primary, medium and high-efficiency filters. For 300,000-class air purification treatment, sub-high-efficiency filters can be used instead of high-efficiency filters. 2. The selection and arrangement of air filters should meet the following requirements: ⑴ Medium-efficiency air filters should be centrally installed in the positive pressure section of purified air conditioning; ⑵ High-efficiency or sub-high-efficiency air filters should be installed at the end of the purified air conditioning system; ⑶ Medium-efficiency and high-efficiency air filters should be selected with less than or equal to the rated air volume. 3. The clean room (area) with large area, high air cleanliness, centralized location and strict requirements for noise reduction and vibration control should adopt a centralized purification air-conditioning system. Conversely, a decentralized purification air-conditioning system can be used. 4. The air purification system in the following situations should be installed separately: ⑴ One-way flow clean room and non-one-way flow clean room (zone) ⑵ High-efficiency air purification system and medium-efficiency air purification system; ⑶ Clean rooms (zones) with different operating shifts or usage hours. Wonzone committed to the production and research and development of clean room products. eg.clean room partition panels、clean room false ceiling system、clean room doors&windows.
Clean technology and electronic product production technology promote each other and develop together. The new national standard meets the requirements for clean technology in the production of electronic products in the new era. The implementation of the new national standard has brought my country's clean technology to a new level. Clean production environment (clean workshop, clean room) successively used concepts such as "clean room", "windowless workshop", "closed workshop", "room with controlled airborne particles". The design, construction and use of clean workshops should be such that no or less particles are introduced, no or less particles, no retention or less retention of particles. In addition, the clean workshop also controls temperature, humidity, pressure and other parameters according to product production requirements. According to product production requirements, it is necessary to control the airflow distribution, airflow speed, noise, vibration, and static electricity in the clean room. Product production promotes the evolution of clean technology The development of clean technology at home and abroad is constantly evolving with the development of science and technology and the upgrading of product production, especially the development of military industry, electronics, aerospace and biomedicine industries. Modern industrial products and modern scientific experiment activities require miniaturization, precision, high purity, high quality and high reliability. Taking miniaturization as an example, electronic computers have evolved from huge units placed in several rooms to portable notebooks today. At the same time, the electronic components used in it also range from electron tubes to discrete semiconductor devices, to integrated circuits and very large-scale integrated circuits; the line width of integrated circuits has also developed from a few microns to 45 nanometers today. These new technology products require a strict clean production environment. Clean technology is continuously developed in accordance with the increasingly stringent requirements of product production for the control of pollutants in the clean production environment, control methods, and control facilities. Clean technology is a comprehensive technology. Its core technology includes production process technology and process design, air purification, clean construction, and professional technology required for the production of various products (such as high-purity substances required for the production of microelectronic products --- High-purity water, high-purity gas, high-purity chemicals related professional technology, etc.). These professional technologies are indispensable in clean room design. They must cooperate closely, coordinate with each other and make overall arrangements around the needs of product production. The design and construction of clean workshops is to do a good job of various safety facilities-fire protection, fire protection,...
At present, the new control method is an adaptive control method. The airflow rate is kept at the minimum safety limit. The working condition of the fume hood is adjusted according to the user's state. The system responds sensitively, controls accurately, ensures the safety of personnel, and minimizes energy consumption. And maintenance costs. The primary problem to be solved by the ventilation design of the laboratory is the safety problem. The dust collection ability of the fume hood must meet certain standards and regulations. The airflow direction is to flow to the laboratory. The laboratory must maintain negative pressure at all times, in order to ensure the operator and the environment. The safety of modern laboratories needs to be considered as a key factor. 1. Stable wind speed on the fume hood In the constant air volume ventilation system, when the regulating door is lowered, excess surface wind speed will be generated, which will cause eddy current interference, affect the dust collection capacity of the fume hood, and release toxic particles. In a variable air volume ventilation control system, the exhaust air volume and the opening of the regulating door are linear functions. For example, 60% of the flow corresponds to 60% of the opening of the regulating door. Through this closed-loop control system, the surface wind speed of the fume hood opening can be maintained. Constant, eliminating the risk of excessive surface wind speed. The effective face wind speed setting value of the fume hood, the general industry standard is 60-100fpm (0.3-0.6m/s), generally 100pfm (0.5m/s) is accepted as a safe operation standard. As shown in Figure 1, the movement of the operator has almost no effect on dust collection when the face wind speed is 80-100 fpm, but there will be disturbance effects when the face wind speed is below 80 fpm. When there is no operator moving, general dust collection below 60 fpm can be achieved. 2. Fast system response time The response time mainly refers to the fume hood and its valve regulation system within the laboratory. The response time will directly determine the effect of airflow control. Fast and stable control will prevent toxic particles from escaping from the fume hood following possible oscillation or overshoot during the adjustment process. The quick response time of the exhaust air volume to the opening degree of the regulating door must reach its command value within 1 second after the regulating door is in place to effectively ensure the dust collection capacity of the fume hood. In Figure 2, the total response time from the movement of the regulating door to the exhaust air volume of the fume hood is about 0.6 seconds. Slow response time will produce excess surface wind speed, endangering the safety of the experiment, for example, the burner is blown out, the utensils are blown over, or the medicine is lost. 3. Ensure room pressure The net negative pressure in the room mainly controls the flow of airflow ...
The operating room is an important technical department of the hospital, which provides corresponding operations and rescue sites according to the patient's condition. With the rapid development of surgical technology, the operating room is becoming more modern, and the safe operating room of universities can meet the needs of organ transplantation, heart, blood vessel, artificial joint replacement and other large-scale operations under the aseptic environment of the operating room. In order to be able to rescue patients in time, the layout of the operating room should be connected to the surgical department, but also close to the blood bank, nursing room, anesthesia and resuscitation room, etc. And pay attention to the management of the four ways in the operating room, such as: the designated air cleanliness classification of the operating room; the items needed in the operating room; the professional operating skills of doctors and nurses; prevent infection and ensure the success rate of surgery. The air pressure of the operating room varies according to the cleanliness requirements of different areas (such as the operating room, sterile preparation room, hand brushing room, anesthesia room, and surrounding clean area, etc.). Different levels of laminar flow operating rooms have different air cleanliness standards. For example, the United States Federal Standard 1000 is the number of dust particles ≥0.5μm per cubic foot of air, ≤1000 particles or ≤35 particles per liter of air. The standard of 10,000-level laminar flow operating room is the number of dust particles ≥0.5μm per cubic foot of air, ≤10,000 particles or ≤350 particles per liter of air. And so on. The main purpose of ventilation in the operating room is to eliminate exhaust gas in each work room; to ensure the necessary amount of fresh air in each work room; to remove dust and microorganisms; to maintain the necessary positive pressure in the room. There are the following two mechanical ventilation methods that can meet the ventilation requirements of the operating room. Combined use of mechanical air supply and mechanical exhaust: This type of ventilation can control the number of air changes, air exchange volume and indoor pressure, and the ventilation effect is better. Mechanical air supply and natural exhaust air are used together. The air exchange and the number of air exchanges in this ventilation method are limited to a certain extent, and the ventilation effect is not as good as the former. The cleanliness level of the operating room is mainly distinguished by the number of dust particles and the number of biological particles in the air. Currently, the most commonly used is the NASA classification standard. Purification technology achieves the purpose of sterility by controlling the cleanliness of the positive pressure purification air flow. According to different air supply methods, purification technology can be divided into two types: turbulent flow system and laminar flo...
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